Bill and Ben are about to have breakfast. Their mother asks Bill, What would you like for breakfast? ...

Bill and Ben are about to have breakfast. Their mother asks Bill, What would you like for breakfast? Bill answers, I would like some damn porridge. She slaps him, then turns to Ben and asks, And what would you like? Ben answers, I don't really care, as long as it isn't any of that damn porridge Ben's misunderstanding highlights the importance of ____.
 
  a. immediate and efficiently severe punishments
  b. children learning through imitation
  c. appropriate responses being identified and positively reinforced
  d. specifying why punishment is being administered