What are the advantages and disadvantages of supermax prisons?

Advantages include the following: they control inmates with disruptive behavior; they house inmates who are too disruptive and dangerous; and they improve system-wide prison safety, order, and control, as the housing of these offenders removes them from the other prisons.
Disadvantages include the following: excessive levels of pain and harm are often inflicted, there is difficulty in controlling disruptive behavior, mentally ill prisoners are disproportionately represented in these prisons, inmate-to-inmate violence is not reduced, there are harsh conditions of confinement, and there are possibilities that these prisons may be racially motivated because so many African Americans are inmates.

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