Some social scientists believe that the Brazilian racial system is slowly becoming more like the ...

Some social scientists believe that the Brazilian racial system is slowly becoming more like the American racial system in:
 
  a. giving indigenous people a voice.
  b. describing Brazil in bipolar racial terms.
  c. enacting laws to counter discrimination.
  d. encouraging interracial marriages.

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Rafi, a Brazilian mulatto, and Sophia, a white Brazilian, just got married. Rafi speaks of purging his blood at the post-ceremony festivities. What concept is this phrase associated with?
 
  a. Social distancing
  b. Manumission
  c. The whitening ideal
  d. Cultural assimilation