According to Optional Ethnicities: For Whites Only? identifying as Irish on St. Patrick's day is an ...

According to Optional Ethnicities: For Whites Only? identifying as Irish on St. Patrick's day is an example of:
 
  a. symbolic ethnicity.
  b. oppositional identity.
  c. socially determined ethnicity.
  d. racialization.

---

As explained in Optional Ethnicities: For Whites Only? symbolic ethnicity refers to an:
 
  a. ethnicity that is individualistic in nature and without real social cost for the individual.
 b. ethnicity that is socially determined and without real social cost for the individual.
  c. ethnicity that is biological in nature and without real social cost for the individual.
  d. ethnicity that is socially determined with real social cost for the individual.