Pete Pepsi wanted to see whether caffeine intake increased a subject's arousal state. He randomly assigned 100 high-school seniors to either an experimental or control group.
The experimental group drank a high-caffeine soda, while the control group drank a caffeine-free soda. He then measured and compared arousal states for both groups. What type of design did Pete use?
A) two-group posttest-only design
B) pretest-posttest
C) classical experimental
D) static group comparison
E) interrupted time-series
The speed limit on interstate highways in the United States was reduced from 65 to 55 mile per hour in 1976. It was raised back to 65 in 1988; then in 1996 individual state governments could decide the limit and many raised it to 75 miles per hour.
Proponents and critics of the law have looked at the number of traffic deaths per 1000 miles driven on the highways between 1970 and 1998 to see whether the law affected traffic deaths. What type of design is this?
A) one-shot case study
B) equivalent time-series design
C) pretest-posttest one-group design
D) interrupted time-series design
E) Solomon four-group design
Positivism seeks universal laws, and positivist researchers attempt to create law-like generalizations to explain events in the social world. This focus on laws in explanation is called
A) nomothetic.
B) ideographic.
C) inductive.
D) deductive.
E) dialectic.
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