According to Howard and Donnelly, what foundation do states have to resist the responsibility to adhere to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?
a. States may claim that respecting these rights would be unpopular with their publics.
b. States may claim that they do not have the power to enforce protection of these rights.
c. States may claim that they have no interest in protecting or advancing universal rights.
d. States may claim that they are sovereign and thus what happens within their territories is not the concern of the world community.
According to Howard and Donnelly, how can universal human rights vary?
a. Human rights can be appropriately restricted in one-party states.
b. The list of human rights is complete and we cannot add anything to it.
c. Human rights are the same for every person at every time and they cannot vary.
d. Human rights belong to all men and all women, but there are variations in what specific human rights mean in practice in different societies.
In Schelling's view, the great wars of the twentieth century differed from other wars in that __________.
a. nuclear weapons were used
b. military force was particularly ineffective
c. there was no use of terror
d. they were generally decided by defeating opposing militaries rather than by the use of terror
What is the logic underlying Howard and Donnelly's argument that the spurious cultural relativity defense serves the interests of the powerful?
a. The basic point about human rights is that they protect the weak against the powerful.
b. At heart, all cultures value the same things, so the claim of relativity must be spurious.
c. Cultural practices are not neutral in their effects and those who benefit have a vested interest in preserving them.
d. Universal human rights must be applied equally, regardless of how much or little power an individual possesses.
According to Schelling, how is the power to hurt more versatile than brute force?
a. Brute force cannot be used to totally destroy a target.
b. Brute force cannot be used to humiliate a target.
c. Brute force cannot be used to ensure collaboration.
d. Brute force cannot be used to send a message to other enemies.
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