What ironic counterfactual was suggested by British historian A. J. P. Taylor?
a. Without war, Germany might have achieved mastery over Europe.
b. If the world had made it to 1916 without a war, it is possible the Germans might have felt deterred.
c. Without WWI, Britain's army might have mutinied.
d. Without the assassination, the growth in Russian strength might have deterred Germany from recklessly backing Austria.
e. Without the war in 1914, French nationalism would have built up its military beyond the ability of the Germans to contest.
In analyzing the causes of WWI, the most important individual on the eve of the war was
a. Franz Joseph.
b. Kaiser Wilhelm II.
c. Otto von Bismarck.
d. Czar Nicholas II.
e. Count Berchtold.
After Mao died, China embarked on
a. an anti-Soviet, pro-American course. This course was fundamentally different
from the one pursued when Mao was alive.
b. a new revolutionary course that was more radical than that followed by Mao. This
radical revolution continues today.
c. a massive program of glorification of Mao.
d. the four modernizations, namely, a program of economic development that emphasized industry, agriculture, science and technology, and defense.
Why might the Schlieffen Plan have become obsolete by 1916?
a. France was nearing completion of its Maginot line of defenses.
b. Tank technology would have become sufficiently advanced to turn war in favor of the defense.
c. Germany's economy and industrial might would have surpassed its neighbors and precluded the need for war.
d. Russia was using French money to build railroads that could have transported its troops faster.
e. The United States would have completed its alliances with Britain and France and tipped the odds too highly against Germany.
Which of the following is the most accurate description of Sino-Soviet relations?
a. China and the Soviet Union/Russia have had a long history of close relations. It is
only in the last 20 years that they have opposed each other.
b. Before communist governments came to power in both countries, the two
countries had almost no interaction.
c. Historically, China acquired large quantities of Russian territory in the nineteenth
century. This accounts for much of Russia's current animosity toward China.
d. China and the Soviet Union/Russia have had a long history of cool and even
hostile relations. One of the rare occasions of truly friendly relations was in the
1950s, and another is now.
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