A public health official was asked to speak about immunizations during a civic group luncheon. One parent asked if rubella was still a problem. In answering the question, the official cautioned women planning to have another child to have their present
to have another child to have their present children immunized against rubella. Why did the official make this statement to the group?
A. Rubella is spread very easily by respiratory secretions and is largely asymptomatic. However, it can cause birth defects/stillbirth in pregnant women. Women with other children would want to prevent these children from acquiring the virus before attempting to conceive a new child in order to protect the fetus.
B. Rubella is passed very easily between children, so the official was trying to protect the child that would soon be born from this infection that might be brought in by its siblings after it was born.
C. The official is getting kickbacks and bribes from the companies making the vaccines, and he's trying to pad his pockets by getting as many people immunized as possible, regardless of whether they need it or not.
D. Rubella infections often lead to very serious and potentially fatal complications. While a woman is pregnant, she may not be able to take care of a sick child as easily. The vaccine will prevent the child already in the family from falling ill and potentially dying due to these possible complications.
The Euryarchaeota includes all
A. known thermophilic extreme acidophiles.
B. the bacteria.
C. known methanogens.
D. green sulfur bacteria.
What is the epidemiological significance of shingles?
A. It shows that, as a latent viral infection, there is always a possible reservoir available to reinfect new susceptible individuals.
B. It shows that we must always be vigilant against this deadly and highly infectious secondary infection in elderly and immunocompromised individuals.
C. It shows that, as a chronic viral infection, individuals infected are always infectious to others around them, even when they do not show outward symptoms.
D.
It shows that our fight for long-term eradication of varicella zoster virus will be a very long fight, depending on immunizing all newly born individuals until all the people who had ever had contracted the illness have died
E.
It shows that, as a latent viral infection, there is always a possible reservoir available to reinfect new susceptible individuals AND it shows that our fight for long-term eradication of varicella zoster virus will be a very long fight, depending on immunizing all newly born individuals until all the people who had ever contracted the illness have died.
The existence of extensive scalded skin syndrome does not indicate that Staphylococcus is growing in all the affected areas. Why not?
A. This condition is caused by an exotoxin produced by certain strains of this microbe, and NOT directly by the microbe itself.
B. This condition is caused by an endotoxin produced by certain strains of this microbe, and NOT directly by the microbe itself.
C. This condition isn't caused by Staphylococcus at all.
D. This microbe doesn't grow in the skin-but the toxins it releases are transported by the blood vessels into the skin, where it achieves the observed effect.
Treponema and Borrelia
A. are luminescent.
B. are endosymbionts.
C. are spirochaetes.
D. are both easily grown on artificial media.
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