Kamitani and Tong (2005 ) developed orientation decoders. When eight orientations were tested, the decoders were able to correctly predict what orientation a person was looking at for _____ of the eight gratings.
A) two
B) four
C) six
D) eight
A voxel is _____.
A) a small cube-shaped area of the brain about 2 mm on each side
B) an electrode used to measure brain activity
C) the basic unit of sensation
D) the retinal area on which an image is projected
Tong et al. (1998 ) used binocular rivalry to test brain responses when the person perceived a house or a face. When the person perceived the house, activity in the _____.
A) PPA increased, but not in the FFA
B) FFA increased, but not in PPA
C) PPA and the FFA increased
D) PPA and the FFA decreased
_____ objects are ones that, when seen or imagined in isolation, evoke a strong sense of surrounding space.
A) Idiosyncratic
B) Spatially-bound
C) Characteristic
D) Space defining
If two eyes receive totally different images and the brain can't combine the two images, a condition called _____ results.
A) delayed processing
B) persistence of vision
C) binocular rivalry
D) visual masking
The theory of unconscious inference _____.
A) replaced the Bayesian inference approach
B) is closely related to the likelihood principle
C) describes the use of algorithms in perception
D) is incompatible with Gestalt psychology.
When Palmer (1975 ) showed observers a kitchen scene and then a target picture, which picture was identified correctly 80 of the time?
A) A loaf of bread, because it matches the context of the scene
B) A mailbox, because it seems so out-of-context, that it pops-out
C) A drum, because participants were music majors
D) A bedroom, because it is from the same category
Humans use the _____ to distinguish shape from shading.
A) environmental assumption
B) light-from-above assumption
C) proximity principle
D) delayed-matching principle
Jimmy looks at a picture of a side of a submarine that has dents and bumps on it. When he turns the picture upside-down, what he originally perceived as bumps, now look like dents, and vice versa. This is due to _____.
A) figure-ground reversal
B) the oblique effect
C) accidental properties of light
D) the light-from-above assumption
The _____ effect is that humans perceive horizontals and verticals more easily than other orientations.
A) Turing
B) Oblique
C) spreading
D) visual persistence
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