Cynthia's mother gives her an apple each day and tells her that apples are fruit. However one day, Cynthia's mother gives her an orange. She tells Cynthia this is also fruit. What happens to Cynthia's scheme of fruit?
a. She assimilates the new information about oranges into the existing scheme.
b. She ignores the new information about oranges.
c. She incorporates the information so that her scheme now includes apples and oranges.
d. She eliminates the concept of apple and now her scheme of fruit only contains oranges.
To find out whether participants figured out what was being manipulated in an experiment, an experimenter is most likely to use a ______________ immediately after participants have completed the study.
A) post-manipulation interview
B) feedback protocol
C) manipulation check
D) structured debriefing
Accommodation involves:
a. the changing of a scheme or the creation of a new scheme.
b. the elimination of an old scheme.
c. a process of restricting knowledge to avoid confusion.
d. a linkage between cognition and language.
A Latin square is one specific example of:
A) ideal counterbalancing
B) partial counterbalancing
C) complete counterbalancing
D) reverse counterbalancing
Baby Tyrese has an understanding of things he can reach, such as a toy in his crib, and things he can't reach, such as the mobile hanging above his crib. According to Piaget, what are these cognitive structures called?
a. theories c. assimilation categories
b. schemes d. accommodation categories
Which of the following counterbalancing schemes is an ideal Latin square? 1 2 3 WXYZ WXYZ WXYZ XWZY XYZW ZYXW ZYXW YZWX YWZX YZWX ZWXY XZWY
A) None of them is an ideal Latin square.
B) Only number 1 is an ideal Latin square.
C) Only number 2 is an ideal Latin square.
D) Both number 1 and number 3 are ideal Latin squares.
Piaget called a biological tendency to interact with and respond to the environment:
a. adaptation. c. assimilation.
b. accommodation. d. referencing.
Maurice conducted a 2 x 2 completely within-subjects experiment. He counterbalanced all of his within-subjects conditions by making use of 24 different orders. If he used 24 different orders, which form of counterbalancing must he have used?
A) reverse counterbalancing
B) an ideal Latin square
C) randomized comprehensive counterbalancing
D) complete counterbalancing
Infants:
a. do not have schemes.
b. are incapable of cognition.
c. have schemes that involve simply what they can and cannot do with objects.
d. are entirely dependent upon reflexes for survival.
According to the text, carry-over effects are best controlled by:
A) reducing the number of conditions
B) making experimental tasks as brief as possible
C) varying the order of presentation of conditions
D) avoiding tasks that interfere with performance on a subsequent task
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