The influence of the researcher's expectations on the outcome of the study refers to _____.
a. reactivity
b. expectancy effects
c. ecological validity
d. both reactivity and expectancy effects
Which of the following is false?
a. Naturalistic observation involves observing humans or other animals behave in their natural setting.
b. Naturalistic observation increases the ecological validity of a study.
c. Laboratory observation involves observing behavior in a more contrived situation.
d. Laboratory observation increases the ecological validity of a study.
Studies in which the participants are unaware that the researcher is observing t heir behavior utilize _____ observation.
a. nonparticipant
b. participant
c. disguised
d. undisguised
Studies in which the researcher actively participates in the situation in which the research participants are involved utilize _____ observation.
a. nonparticipant
b. participant
c. disguised
d. undisguised
Studies in which the researcher does not participate in the situation in which the research participants are involved utilize _____ observation.
a. nonparticipant
b. participant
c. disguised
d. undisguised
Studies in which the participants are aware that the researcher is observing their behavior utilize _____ observation and studies in which the researcher does not participate in the situation in which the research participants are involved utilize _____ observation.
a. nonparticipant; undisguised
b. undisguised; nonparticipant
c. undisguised; participant
d. disguised; nonparticipant
The extent to which research can be generalized to real-life situations is known as _____.
a. reactivity
b. ecological validity
c. research validation
d. experimenter effects
Researchers often prefer _____ observation because it increases _____ validity.
a. laboratory; construct
b. laboratory; ecological
c. naturalistic; ecological
d. naturalistic; content
_____ is the degree to which a measuring instrument accurately measures a theoretical construct or trait that is it designed to measure.
a. Content validity
b. Face validity
c. Criterion validity
d. Construct validity
_____ is the extent to which a measuring instrument accurately predicts behavior or ability in a given area.
a. Content validity
b. Face validity
c. Criterion validity
d. Construct validity
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