Which effects occur when environmental events other than the treatment influence the participants' scores in one treatment differently than in another treatment?
a. subject selection bias
b. volunteerism
c. fatigue
d. history
Who is using an index?
a. A teacher who counts the midterm for 20 of your grade, the final for 35, and the term paper for 45
b. A demographer who tracks the educational levels of immigrants
c. A neuropsychologist who administers a battery of diagnostic tests to individuals who have traumatic brain injuries
d. A university administrator who tracks graduation rates, employment rates, and income levels in recent college graduates
Who formalized the psychophysical methods?
a. Edward Boring
b. Gustav Fechner
c. Hermann Ebbinghaus
d. S.S. Stevens
Order effects can become a confounding variable because ____.
a. all the treatment conditions are affected equally
b. earlier conditions affect outcomes under later conditions
c. other time-related threats such as history become indistinguishable
d. individual differences between treatment conditions are created
A(n) ____ index is one where different components of the index are combined in different amounts or with different emphasis.
a. average
b. rule-driven
c. weighted
d. modified
In general, the magnitude of the difference threshold ________with ________ in the magnitude of the standard stimulus.
a. increases; decreases
b. decreases; increases
c. increases; increases
d. remains constant; increases or decreases
Order effects include ____.
a. history and instrumentation effects
b. carryover and progressive error effects
c. maturation and regression effects
d. assignment bias and selection bias
The ____ is considered to be a reflection of generally how much consumers have to pay for things.
a. SES
b. GDP
c. GNP
d. CPI
The method of limits can be used to determine
a. an absolute threshold.
b. a difference decision.
c. a response threshold.
d. a decision threshold.
For a within-subjects experiment, one of the primary threats to internal validity is ____.
a. individual differences that may exist within treatment conditions
b. individual differences that may exist between treatment conditions
c. the risk that participation in one treatment condition may influence scores in other treatment conditions
d. the risk that one (or more) of the treatment conditions will have no influence on the participants' scores
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