A confounding variable is a variable that influences the ___

A confounding variable is a variable that influences the ____.

a. dependent variable and varies systematically with the independent variable.
b. independent variable and varies systematically with the dependent variable.
c. dependent variable and varies randomly with the independent variable.
d. independent variable and varies randomly with the dependent variable.

In a sample that interviews only some of the individuals in a population, the mean or average income is properly termed a(n) ____.

a. statistic
b. parameter
c. tendency
d. true value

In making scientific observations, pure objectivity

a. is only possible with naturalistic observation.
b. is only possible with experimentation.
c. is only possible with deviant-case analysis.
d. is never possible.

In a study with three levels of factor A, three levels of factor B, and six participants in each condition, the df for the interaction of A x B would be

a. 9
b. 6
c. 4
d. 3

Why is a confounding variable unacceptable in a true experiment?

a. It can distort the effect of the independent variable.
b. It can disrupt the normal behavior of participants.
c. It threatens internal validity by providing an alternative explanation for the results.
d. It creates a directionality problem that undermines a cause-and-effect conclusion.

In a census that interviews all individuals in a population, the mean or average income is properly termed a(n) ____.

a. statistic
b. parameter
c. tendency
d. true value

__________ occurs when a third factor varies along with one of the variables of interest, making the interpretation of the correlation between the two main variables difficult.

a. Confounding
b. Correlation
c. Confliction
d. Truncation

In a matrix for a factorial design, the row means and column means represent the effects of

a. extraneous factors
b. a single factor (variable)
c. an interaction
d. individual differences

In an experiment, any variable that varies systematically with the treatment conditions and might influence the participants' scores is called a(n) ____ variable.

a. matching
b. dependent
c. extraneous
d. confounding

A sample that includes individuals with known qualifications or experiences is known as a(n) ____ sample.

a. quota
b. snowball
c. heterogeneity
d. expert

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A confounding variable is a variable that influences the ____.

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