What paracrine is released from a specific type of connective tissue cell during an inflammatory response?
a. serotonin
b. dopamine
c. cytosine
d. histamine
e. cytokinin
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Question 2) Which of the following is not a function of membrane proteins?
a. Transport of polar molecules
b. Transport of H+ into the cell
c. Binding sites for vesicles
d. Cell recognition
e. Passageway for water molecules
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Question 3) How many types of extracellular chemical messengers or signal molecules are used for indirect cell communication in the body?
a. two
b. three
c. four
d. five
e. six
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Question 4) Which statement is false?
a. Binding of Na+ to the SGLT carrier increases the carrier's affinity for ATP.
b. The release of Na+ from the SGLT carrier increases the carrier's affinity for glucose.
c. Glucose enters the luminal side of an intestinal cell through a GLUT carrier.
d. The GLUT carrier is a symporter.
e. The SGLT carrier is a symporter.
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Question 5) Scientists recently discovered a possible new route for direct exchange of materials between cells: ____.
a. piggy back molecules
b. tunneling nanotubes
c. microcrystals
d. protein carriers
e. lipid bridges
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Question 6) Which one of the following requires the cell to expend energy?
a. ECF moving into a cell via pinocytosis
b. Glucose moving through a facilitated diffusion carrier
c. K+ ions moving out of a cell
d. Water moving through an aquaporin
e. Na+ ions moving through a leak channel
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Question 7) What term refers to the branching of axon terminals so that a single cell synapses with and influences many other cells?
a. divergence
b. convergence
c. integration
d. termination
e. bifurcation
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Question 8) What is primarily responsible for the development of a resting membrane potential?
a. More diffusion and active transport of cations out of the cell than into the cell
b. Pumping 2 K+ ions out of the cell for every three Na+ ions pumped into the cell
c. More K+ ions diffusing into the cell than there are Na+ ions diffusing out of the cell
d. More anions diffusing into the cell than are diffusing out of the cell
e. None of the above are primarily responsible.
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Question 9) What is the largest type of neuromodulator?
a. ATP
b. nitric oxide
c. serotonin
d. dopamine
e. neuropeptides
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Question 10) Cell X has a resting potential of -80 mV. If a ____ opens and causes the potential to change 10 mV, the resulting potential will be ____.
a. Na+ channel; -90 mV
b. K+ channel; -70 mV
c. Ca2+ channel; -70 mV
d. Cl- channel; -70 mV
e. Ca+2 channel; -90 mV
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