In fetal circulation, the blood containing the highest amount of oxygen is found in the
A. aorta.
B. umbilical vein.
C. ductus arteriosus.
D. umbilical arteries.
E. heart.
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Question 2) The closed foramen ovale becomes the _____ after birth.
A. fossa ovalis
B. ligamentum ovale
C. ligamentum venosum
D. ligamentum arteriosum
E. valves
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Question 3) Which of the following fetal shunts bypasses the fetal lungs?
A. ductus arteriosus
B. ductus venosus
C. umbilical arteries
D. umbilical vein
E. ductus byosus
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Question 4) Which of the following conditions might result in stress on a fetus that has nearly completed 9 months of fetal development?
A. placental growth greater than fetal growth
B. cramped quarters in the uterus
C. increased O2 supply to the fetus
D. excessive weight gain by the mother
E. hormone fluctuations
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Question 5) Which of the following will cause contractions of uterine smooth muscle?
A. increasing levels of progesterone
B. decreasing levels of estrogen
C. decreasing levels of oxytocin
D. decreasing uterine stretch
E. increasing levels of oxytocin
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Question 6) When stretch receptors in the cervix are stimulated by the continually increasing pressure of the fetus, afferent neurons send impulses to the maternal hypothalamus resulting in
A. increased estrogen production.
B. increased oxytocin production.
C. increased fetal CRH production.
D. increased growth in the size of the placenta.
E. decreased oxytocin production.
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Question 7) Onset of labor may result from
A. increased estrogen secretion by the placenta.
B. increased glucocorticoid secretion by the mother.
C. increased secretion of oxytocin by the fetus.
D. increased progesterone secretion by the placenta.
E. decreased prostaglandins.
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Question 8) The stage of labor in which the fetus is expelled is
A. the first stage.
B. the second stage.
C. the third stage.
D. the fourth stage.
E. the fifth stage.
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Question 9) Which of the following events near the end of pregnancy might indicate parturition is near?
A. The cervix gradually constricts.
B. The uterus begins regular contractions.
C. The amniotic sac becomes edematous.
D. The fetal heart rate increases to greater than 160 beats per minute.
E. The cervix shrinks.
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Question 10) Before parturition,
A. the placenta secretes increased amounts of oxytocin.
B. the uterus stretches, causing the release of ACTH from the adenohypophysis.
C. there is an increase in the stimulatory effects of progesterone on the uterine muscle.
D. prostaglandin synthesis is inhibited.
E. fetal glucocorticoids decrease the production of progesterone by the placenta.
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