Which of the following fluid compartments contains the smallest volume of water?
A. plasma
B. interstitial compartment
C. intracellular compartment
D. extracellular compartment
E. cytoplasm
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Question 2) Synovial fluid is a part of which of the following fluid compartments?
A. plasma
B. interstitial
C. intracellular
D. extracellular
E. cytoplasm
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Question 3) The mechanism for concentration of urine is called the _____________ mechanism.
A. countercurrent
B. filtration
C. secretion
D. reabsorption
E. concentration
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Question 4) The micturition reflex is initiated by the ____________.
A. stretching of the walls of the urinary bladder
B. stretching of the walls of the ureters
C. relaxation of the walls of the urinary bladder
D. constriction of the external urinary sphincter
E. relaxation of the external urinary sphincter
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Question 5) Urine is prevented from flowing back into the ureters from the bladder by ________________.
A. compression of the ureteral openings
B. the external urethral sphincter
C. the internal urethral sphincter
D. the ureteral sphincters
E. ureteral valves
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Question 6) Which of the following fluid compartments contains the largest volume of water?
A. plasma
B. interstitial compartment
C. intracellular compartment
D. extracellular compartment
E. lymph
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Question 7) The filtration membrane prevents blood cells and proteins from entering the Bowman capsule on the basis of size and protein type.
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
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Question 8) Smooth muscle cells in the walls of the afferent and efferent arterioles dilate or constrict as needed in response to changes in blood pressure. This process of autoregulation is called the ____________________.
A. myogenic mechanism
B. tubular secretion
C. tubuloglomerular feedback
D. glomerular filtration
E. tubular reabsorption
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Question 9) What is tubular reabsorption?
A. The process where the nephron returns water and some filtered molecules to the blood.
B. The reabsorption of blood cells in the nephron into the body.
C. The passage of water and ions into the filtrate during filtration in the nephron.
D. The absorption of proteins into the filtrate which later becomes urine.
E. The transport additional solutes from the blood into the filtrate by tubule cells.
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Question 10) Which of the following pairs of structures are the most similar in function?
A. Distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct.
B. Proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule.
C. Distal convoluted tubule and ascending limb of the loop of Henle.
D. Ascending limb and descending limb of the loop of Henle.
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