Colony-stimulating factors are produced by ________________ and target cells in the _____________________, which results in _______________.
A. macrophages; bone marrow; stimulation of proliferation of neutrophils and monocytes
B. B cells; thymus; conversion of B cells to T cells
C. NK cells; blood vessel walls; vasodilation
D. monocytes; blood vessel walls; vasoconstriction
E. basophils; bone marrow; release of histamine
(
Question 2) Which applies to the classical complement pathway, but NOT to the alternative complement pathway?
A. Activation of C3 results in the formation of C3b.
B. There is a cascade of proteins activated, which results in the killing of microbes.
C. Complement proteins serve as opsonins that facilitate phagocyte binding to microbes.
D. Antibodies activate the first complement protein (C1).
E. Complement activation leads to the development of a multiunit protein called the membrane attack complex (MAC).
(
Question 3) After activation of C3 of the complement system, which of these is a role of its component part, C3b?
A. It acts as an enzyme to convert nitric oxide into hydrogen peroxide.
B. It causes vasodilation of local blood vessels.
C. It acts as a chemotaxin for macrophages.
D. It stimulates the conversion of monocytes to neutrophils.
E. It acts as an opsonin that is recognized by phagocytes targeting the microbe for destruction.
(
Question 4) Which of the following statements regarding complement is FALSE?
A. Certain complement proteins are always circulating in the blood in an inactive state.
B. Activated complement can form a membrane attack complex, which forms pores in microbe membranes.
C. Activated complement can stimulate cells to secrete inflammation-mediating chemicals.
D. The complement pathway is always dependent upon activation of the first complement protein, C1.
E. Some activated complement proteins activate other complement proteins.
(
Question 5) Cells of the immune system capable of phagocytosis include:
A. macrophages, NK cells, and basophils.
B. B cells, T cells, and macrophages.
C. monocytes, neutrophils, and plasma cells.
D. macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells.
E. macrophages, mast cells, and lymphocytes.
(
Question 6) Which of the following statements regarding phagocytes and phagocytosis is true?
A. Macrophages, monocytes, and mast cells are phagocytes.
B. Contact of phagocytes with microbes stimulates the phagocytes to release chemicals that mediate the inflammatory response.
C. Phagocytosis is stimulated by the presence of proteins called rhodopsins.
D. Phagocytosis is the process by which leukocytes exit the bloodstream.
E. Phagocytosis is a process that only occurs within the bloodstream.
(
Question 7) Which of the following statements regarding phagocytosis is TRUE?
A. Macrophages are the only phagocytes in the tissues.
B. The microbe engulfed by the phagocyte is killed by lysosomal enzymes and hydrogen peroxide.
C. Phagocytosis is controlled by a negative feedback mechanism whereby phagocytes release chemicals that inhibit further phagocytosis.
D. The microbe engulfed by the phagocyte is killed by the membrane attack complex (MAC).
E. Antibodies found inside lysosomes attack and kill microbes that are engulfed by phagocytosis.
(
Question 8) Which of the following cell types binds to antigens on plasma membranes of target cells and directly destroys the cells?
A. neutrophils
B. NK cells
C. cytotoxic T cells (CD8 cells)
D. helper T cells (CD4 cells)
E. B cells
(
Question 9) Chemotaxis:
A. refers to the chemical attraction of neutrophils to a site of inflammation.
B. is important only for innate immune responses.
C. is important only for adaptive immune responses.
D. refers to the engulfing of microbes and foreign molecules by macrophages.
E. refers to dilation of blood vessels by chemicals released by damaged tissue cells.
(
Question 10) The killing of cancerous cells by the immune system is called:
A. immune oversight.
B. immune surveillance.
C. tissue immunity.
D. phagocytosis.
E. hemostasis.
Quick Reply
