What is the major hormone responsible for mediating the body's general response to stress?
A. thyroid hormone
B. growth hormone
C. testosterone
D. aldosterone
E. cortisol
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Question 2) Which is a hormonal response to a stressful situation?
A. Negative feedback from cortisol increases secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
B. Secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal gland is decreased.
C. Negative feedback from cortisol increases the secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH).
D. Plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) decrease.
E. Plasma levels of cortisol increase.
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Question 3) Which is most likely a result of hypersecretion of growth hormone?
A. acromegaly
B. dwarfism
C. decreased plasma concentration of IGF-I
D. decreased secretion of somatostatin
E. increased secretion of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
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Question 4) Which is a result of elevated thyroid hormone levels?
A. an increase in triglyceride storage
B. increased Na+/K+ ATPase activity
C. decreased body temperature
D. mental lethargy
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Question 5) To synthesize thyroid hormones, iodine is attached to:
A. cholesterol.
B. the amino acid tyrosine.
C. the amino acid tryptophan.
D. acetyl coenzyme A.
E. the amino acid phenylalanine.
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Question 6) A patient appears in a clinic complaining of irritability and chronic sweatiness.
He also has a lump in his neck near his larynx. Blood tests show he has low levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in his plasma. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. primary hypothyroidism
B. an iodine-insufficient diet
C. secondary hypothyroidism
D. hyposecretion of TRH
E. Graves' disease
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Question 7) A patient goes to her doctor, complaining of fatigue, weight gain, and intolerance to cold. She also has a noticeable goiter in her neck. Which of the following is a most likely diagnosis and cause?
A. She has hypothyroidism, possibly due to destruction of thyrotrope cells of her anterior pituitary gland.
B. She has hyperthyroidism, possibly due to Graves' disease.
C. She has hypothyroidism, possibly due to low iodine in her diet.
D. She has hyperthyroidism, possibly due to a hypersecreting tumor of the anterior pituitary gland.
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Question 8) If the pituitary gland is removed from a human subject, which of the following is likely to occur?
A. The adrenal gland will hypertrophy to increase cortisol production.
B. The adrenal gland will atrophy and plasma cortisol levels will be reduced.
C. The hypothalamus will secrete less CRH.
D. The subject will remain euthyroid.
E. There will be increased negative feedback on growth hormone by insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1).
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Question 9) Deficiency of iodine in the diet results in _____________ caused by ________________.
A. a goiter; increased production of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and increased thyroid hormone levels
B. atrophy of the thyroid gland; loss of negative feedback by thyroid hormones and increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels
C. a goiter; loss of negative feedback by thyroid hormones and increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels
D. atrophy of the thyroid gland; decreased sensitivity of receptors for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
E. atrophy of the anterior pituitary gland; loss of negative feedback by thyroid hormones
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Question 10) Which stimulates the secretion of growth hormone?
A. waking from sleep
B. exercise
C. increased levels of IGF-I in blood
D. high plasma glucose
E. increased somatostatin secretion
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