Which of the following hormones functions to increase water reabsorption by inserting aquaporins into the principal cell apical membranes?
A) aldosterone
B) progesterone
C) atrial natriuretic peptide
D) antidiuretic hormone
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Question 2) Which of the following statements is true regarding fluid shifts?
A) There are always more positive electrolytes than negative in a solution; it is therefore impossible to follow fluid shifts.
B) Nonelectrolytes are the controlling factor in directing fluid shifts.
C) Electrolytes are not as important as proteins in regulating fluid shifts in the body.
D) Electrolytes have greater osmotic power than nonelectrolytes and therefore have the greatest ability to cause fluid shifts.
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Question 3) The movement of fluids between cellular compartments ________.
A) always involves filtration
B) is regulated by osmotic and hydrostatic forces
C) requires active transport
D) requires ATP for the transport to take place
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Question 4) Which of the following is NOT a chemical buffer system?
A) phosphate
B) bicarbonate
C) protein
D) nucleic acid
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Question 5) Which of the following is NOT a method for regulating the hydrogen ion concentration in blood?
A) chemical buffers
B) renal mechanisms
C) respiratory changes
D) diet
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Question 6) What hormone reduces blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting nearly all events that promote vasoconstriction and sodium ion and water retention?
A) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
B) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C) thyroxine
D) aldosterone
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Question 7) A falling blood pH and a rising partial pressure of carbon dioxide due to pneumonia or emphysema indicates ________.
A) metabolic acidosis
B) respiratory alkalosis
C) metabolic alkalosis
D) respiratory acidosis
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Question 8) The term alkaline reserve is used to describe the ________ buffer system.
A) hemoglobin
B) protein
C) phosphate
D) bicarbonate
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Question 9) The single most important factor influencing potassium ion secretion is ________.
A) potassium ion concentration in extracellular fluid
B) the pH of the intracellular fluid
C) intracellular sodium levels
D) the potassium ion content in the renal tubule cells
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Question 10) For bulk flow across capillary walls, ________.
A) hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial space returns fluid to the capillary
B) fluid runs into lymphatic capillaries that empty into the interstitial space
C) hydrostatic pressure of blood forces nearly protein-free plasma out of the blood into the interstitial space
D) osmotic pressure of plasma proteins pulls fluid from the capillary into the interstitial space
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