When blood starts to become more alkaline than normal, the renal tubules begin to
A. secrete bicarbonate and H+ through type B cells.
B. secrete bicarbonate while reabsorbing H+ in exchange through type B cells.
C. secrete H+ while reabsorbing bicarbonate in exchange through type A cells.
D. absorb bicarbonate and H+ through type A cells.
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Question 2) Fixed acids are generally regulated by physiological buffering provided by the
A. respiratory system.
B. kidneys.
C. lymphatic system.
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Question 3) Carbonic acid is referred to as _________ acid because it is produced from a gas that evaporates quickly.
Fill in the blank with correct word.
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Question 4) Fixed acid is also called volatile acid.
Indicate whether this statement is true or false.
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Question 5) Lactic acid, a product of metabolism, is considered a volatile acid.
Indicate whether this statement is true or false.
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Question 6) Imagine that an unprepared hiker goes for a long walk on a hot day and gets lost. He has no water, he is nervous, and he is sweating profusely.
What effects will these conditions have on his endocrine system, and how will the hormones that are secreted influence his renal system?
What will be an ideal response?
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Question 7) Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) inhibits the release of aldosterone, ADH, and renin.
Indicate whether this statement is true or false.
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Question 8) ANP causes an increase in the loss of sodium and water through urine.
Indicate whether this statement is true or false.
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Question 9) Aldosterone exerts effects on principal cells of the kidney by causing
A. increased levels of cAMP and increases in the total number of Na+ channels.
B. decreased levels of cAMP and decreases in the number of open K+ channels.
C. increased numbers of Na+/K+ pumps.
D. decreased numbers of Na+/K+ pumps.
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Question 10) The hormone ANP causes systemic blood vessels to
A. constrict, which raises blood pressure.
B. constrict, which lowers blood pressure.
C. dilate, which raises blood pressure.
D. dilate, which lowers blood pressure.
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