The specific gravity of urine is its density compared to that of water, and the more solutes urine has, the higher its specific gravity.
Indicate whether this statement is true or false.
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Question 2) Normal urine has a specific gravity that is ________ than the specific gravity of pure water; dehydration leads to a __________ in the specific gravity of urine.
A.
higher; increase
B.
higher; decrease
C.
lower; decrease
D.
lower; increase
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Question 3) The normal pH for urine
A. is anything below 7.0.
B. is anything above 7.0
C. ranges between 4.5 and 8.0.
D. ranges between 3.0 and 6.0.
E. ranges between 8.0 and 9.0 for someone with a diet high in protein.
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Question 4) . Glucose and protein are common solutes within urine.
Indicate whether this statement is true or false.
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Question 5) Generally, the higher the renal plasma clearance of a given drug, the more frequently the drug must be given in order to be effective.
Indicate whether this statement is true or false.
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Question 6) If someone runs a marathon through a desert while eating pretzels and not drinking water, their plasma osmolarity
A. rises and becomes hypertonic to the interstitial and intracellular fluid compartments.
B. rises and becomes hypotonic to the interstitial and intracellular fluid compartments.
C. decreases and becomes hypertonic to the interstitial and intracellular fluid compartments.
D. decreases and becomes hypotonic to the interstitial and intracellular fluid compartments.
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Question 7) Renal plasma clearance
A. is lower than GFR for substances that are both filtered and secreted.
B. is the same as GFR for substances that are both filtered and secreted.
C. is the amount of water loss from the plasma to the urine over the course of one hour.
D. is the volume of plasma that can be entirely cleared of a substance in one minute.
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Question 8) Careful measurements of GFR are made by injection of _______, but approximations of GFR can be made more simply by measuring renal plasma clearance of _________.
A.
creatine phosphate; insulin
B.
insulin; creatine phosphate
C.
inulin; creatinine
D.
creatinine; inulin
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Question 9) Substances that are both filtered and reabsorbed have a renal plasma clearance that is _________ the GFR.
A. higher than
B. lower than
C. the same as
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Question 10) Which layer is not found in the wall of the urinary bladder?
A. Adventitia
B. Muscularis
C. Mucosa
D. Submucosa
E. No exceptions; all layers are found in the wall of the urinary bladder
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