A diuretic may cause which of the following effects?
A) Decreased cardiac output B) Increased sodium reabsorption
C) Decreased sodium in urine D) Increased filtrate volume
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Question 2) A person who consumes excess amounts of alcohol is likely to have ________.
A) Increased permeability of the distal tubules
B) Increased blood volume
C) Increased levels of antidiuretic hormone
D) Decreased water in collecting ducts
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Question 3) Jonah was in a car accident that has destroyed the function of his adrenal cortex. Which of the following is least likely to occur as a result of this damage?
A) Increased aldosterone B) Increased atrial natriuretic hormone
C) Increased sodium in the blood D) Decreased sodium in the blood
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Question 4) Which of the following symptoms would be apparent in a patient who lacks angiotensin-converting enzyme?
A) Increased levels of Angiotensin II B) Decreased blood pressure
C) Increased thirst D) Decreased thirst
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Question 5) Your patient is experiencing increased urination. What could be causing this to happen?
A) Increased glomerular filtration rate
B) Constant blood pressure
C) Contracted afferent arterioles
D) Increased sodium reabsorption by Atrial Natriuretic Hormone
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Question 6) The salt level in the nephron is particularly high in comparison to its surrounding environment. Which of the following will most likely occur?
A) The salts will move from high to low concentration.
B) The salts will move into the descending loop.
C) Other dissolved substances will move into the nephron.
D) The fluid in the nephron will move into the surrounding environment.
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Question 7) During an annual physical, your nurse took a urine and blood sample to ensure that your protein levels were normal. When the results came back, she informed you that there was an excessive amount of protein found in your urine.
Which of the following would most likely be true?
A) Blood cells were pushed from the capillaries.
B) Proteins were trapped in the inner layer of the nephron.
C) Proteins crossed over into the glomerular capsule.
D) The glomerular filtrate is extremely dilute.
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Question 8) Urine leaves the bladder through the ________.
A) Kidneys B) Urethra
C) Ureters D) None of the above
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Question 9) What can be said about nephrons?
A) Their large surface area enables them to act as filters.
B) Their large surface area inhibits their function.
C) Several tiny nephrons have the surface area the size of one large nephron.
D) None of the above
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Question 10) Frequent urination without pain or infection is a symptom of ________.
A) Uremia B) Hemolytic uremic syndrome
C) Urinary tract infection D) An overactive bladder
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