Which organ system maintains the normal level of HCO3 at 24 mEq/L?
a. Liver
b. Lung
c. Renal
d. Spleen
Q. 2 Which of the following is/are true about the relationship between chloride (Cl) and bicarbonate HCO3 in acid-base balance?
1. For each Cl ion excreted into the urine, the blood gains an HCO3 ion.
2. Blood Cl and HCO3 ion levels are reciprocally related.
3. People with chronically high CO2 tend to have low blood Cl levels.
4. Activation of the NH3 buffer system enhances Cl gain and HCO3 loss.
a. 2 and 3 only
b. 1, 2, and 3 only
c. 2 only
d. 2, 3, and 4 only
Q. 3 If the blood PCO2 is high, the kidneys will do which of the following?
a. Excrete more H+ and reabsorb more HCO3.
b. Excrete less H+ and reabsorb more HCO3.
c. Excrete less H+ and reabsorb less HCO3.
d. Excrete more H+ and reabsorb less HCO3.
Q. 4 Normally which of the following occur when the kidneys eliminate H+? 1. Sodium ions (and water) are reabsorbed. 2. HCO3 is reabsorbed in proportion to the H+ excreted. 3. Bicarbonate buffer capacity is restored.
a. 1, 2, and 3
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 only
d. 2 and 3 only
Q. 5 What effect does hyperventilation have on HCO3 recovery in the kidneys?
a. Less H+ excretion, greater HCO3 loss
b. No effect as these involve two independ-ent systems.
c. Vicious cycle of worsening alkalemia as hyperventilation stimulates increased HCO3 retention.
d. Escalating retention of other buffer bases along with HCO3.
Q. 6 What is the role of carbonic anhydrase in the kidneys?
a. It drives the recovery of HCO3 and ex-cretion of H+.
b. It is the catalyst for the hamburger phe-nomenon.
c. It promotes the excretion of CO2 in the urine.
d. It promotes the loss of fluids in congestive heart failure.
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