Where is most of the Mg2+ found in the body?
a. Bound to phosphate
b. Bound to proteins
c. In the cells
d. Ionized
Q. 2 The most common causes of acute hyponatremia include:
1. postoperative iatrogenic causes.
2. not drinking enough water.
3. self-induced due to water intoxication.
4. not eating enough foods containing sodium.
a. 1 and 3
b. 2 and 3
c. 1, 2, and 4
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4
Q. 3 What is the normal range for serum phosphate?
a. 1.2 to 2.3 mEq/L
b. 3.5 to 5.8 mEq/L
c. 9.0 to 10.5 mEq/L
d. 98.0 to 106.0 mEq/L
Q. 4 The ease with which a solute dissolves into a solvent is at least partially determined by which of the following?
a. Pressure of a solid
b. Solute concentration
c. Level of 2,3-DPG
d. Solvent conductivity
Q. 5 Starling forces or fluid movement due to filtration across the wall of a capillary is dependent up-on:
1. hydrostatic and oncotic pressure gradients across the capillary.
2. hydraulic (hydrostatic) in the vessel.
3. colloid osmotic pressure (COP) in the vessel.
4. colloid osmotic pressure (COP) in the tissue space.
a. 1 and 4 only
b. 1, 2, and 4
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4
Q. 6 Symptoms of hypercalcemia would include which of the following?
a. Depression
b. Diarrhea
c. Hyperactive tendon reflexes
d. Muscle fasciculation
Q. 7 Clinical manifestations of hypocalcemia would include which of the following? 1. Abdominal cramps 2. Depressed tendon reflexes 3. Electrocardiogram abnormalities 4. Muscular twitching and spasm
a. 2 and 4 only
b. 1 and 2 only
c. 1, 3, and 4 only
d. 3 only
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