Which of the following best describes the broken windows theory?
a. children got lead poisoning from lead paint on old windows and doors
b. dolling out harsh consequences for minor offenses prevents more serious crimes
c. the legalization of abortion contributed to the decline of violent crime
d. violent offenders are like broken windows in that once they commit violent crimes, they cannot be
fixed and are too unsafe to be allowed in society
Ques. 2What is the main purpose of this article?
a. to discredit former New York City mayor Rudy Giuliani's claim that he significantly reduced crime
during his tenure as mayor
b. to make the public aware of the dangers of lead paint
c. to discuss Rick Nevin's theory that lead poisoning accounts for much of the variation in violent
crime in the United States
d. to advance a controversial new program for reducing violent crime across the United States
Ques. 3What three forms of social influence were assessed in the study?
a. false incriminating evidence, false-witness condition, no-witness condition
b. peer pressure, fear of harm, promised benefit
c. minimization, maximization, coercion
d. compliance, internalization, confabulation
Ques. 4In which type of false confession does a suspect confesses only to escape an aversive interrogation,
secure a promised benefit, or avoid a threatened harm?
a. voluntary
b. coerced-compliant
c. coerced-internalized
d. voluntary-compliant
Ques. 5A police detective who provides a suspect with face-saving excuses, mentions mitigating
circumstances, and blames the victim during an interrogation is practicing what interrogation
technique?
a. minimization
b. maximization
c. presentation of false evidence
d. underplaying the charges
Ques. 6Which of the following is not typically grounds for dismissing confession evidence from a trial?
a. the confession was obtained through physical violence
b. the confession was obtained by threatening harm or punishment
c. the suspect confessed but then changed his or her mind
d. the suspect was not read his or her Miranda rights before confessing
Ques. 7What is the hypothesis the researchers investigated in this study?
a. In criminal law, confession evidence is a potent weapon for the prosecution and a recurring source
of controversy
b. The presentation of false evidence can lead individuals who are vulnerable to confess to an act they
did not commit and to internalize the confession and perhaps create memories consistent with that
new belief
c. Police interrogators elicit self-incriminating statements from innocent suspects
d. It is possible to implant false recollections of traumas supposedly buried in the unconscious
Ques. 8According to Figure 6.10, why do the gray-colored countries produce more CO2?
a. The areas in gray have higher temperatures than those in black.
b. The areas in gray have more stringent emissions laws than those in gray.
c. The majority of CO2 emissions will come from areas of the globe that will see more of a rise in
temperature.
d. The majority of CO2 emissions are generated by industrialized countries.
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