_____ refer to conscious feelings, plans, goals, and how we feel about the people in our lives. ...

(Answer to Q. 1)  ANS: D
FEEDBACK: Personal concerns refer to conscious feelings, plans, and goals; what we want, how we try to achieve it, and how we feel about the people in our lives. These may change often over the life span as a result of the diverse situations and influences to which we are exposed.

(Answer to Q. 2)  ANS: C
FEEDBACK: One theorist suggested that personality continues to develop over time on three levels: dispositional traits, personal concerns, and life narrative. Dispositional traits are inherited traits of the kind discussed by McCrae and Costa, those characteristics found to remain stable and relatively unchanging from age 30 on.

(Answer to Q. 3)  ANS: A
FEEDBACK: What brings about personality change in adulthood? Many psychologists believe that the answer is rooted in social and environmental influences and in the adaptations we make to them. In instances of adjustment, people who have lost their jobs have shown significant increases in neuroticism and decreases in conscientiousness and extraversion.

(Answer to Q. 4)  ANS: C
FEEDBACK: In a study of children ages 8 to 12, who were surveyed again 10 years later, personality changes between the ages of 18 and 22 could be predicted to a significant extent by their personality characteristics in childhood. What all these studies confirm is that personality changes as we grow into adolescence and early adulthood.

(Answer to Q. 5)  ANS: B
FEEDBACK: A study of more than 32,000 people ages 21 to 60 conducted over the Internet showed that conscientiousness and agreeableness increased through early and middle adulthood. Conscientiousness increased most strongly in the 20s; agreeableness increased most strongly during the 30s.

(Answer to Q. 6)  ANS: D
FEEDBACK: A meta-analysis of 152 longitudinal studies involving more than 55,000 people showed a high level of consistency in personality traits at all ages. The highest level of consistency was found in adulthood. According to these findings, traits are consistent over the life span, reaching the highest level after age 50.

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