What does the Big Five teach us about people's ability to survive and reproduce? What will be an ...

(Answer to Q. 1)  Answer: The Big Five includes important information about people's ability to survive and reproduce. For example, extraversion helps people connect with others, which can be helpful for hunting, teamwork, and reproduction. Conscientiousness helps people survive through careful planning and hard work.

(Answer to Q. 2)  Answer: Factor analysis is a way of analyzing words that are correlated with each other to see which items form clusters of adjectives. This statistical technique was used by researchers to determine the Big Five traits. The development of the Big Five was guided by the lexical hypothesis, which is the idea that traits important for survival and reproduction became embedded in our language as single words. The more of these trait words, the more important the trait should be. Researchers recorded all of the adjectives in the English-language dictionary that could be used to describe people. They screened out words referring to temporary stages or social evaluations. They then had people rate themselves on these adjectives. Using factor analysis, they analyzed which words correlated with each other and formed clusters of adjectiveshence the Big Five.

(Answer to Q. 3)  Answer: No; each trait has its pluses and minuses. Being low on agreeableness is not necessarily a bad thing; in fact, men and women who are disagreeable earn more money on average. Even some U.S. presidents (such as Franklin D. Roosevelt and Theodore Roosevelt) were rated low on the agreeableness trait. Disagreeableness can motive people, especially when it is combined with humor.

(Answer to Q. 4)  Answer: Some people are very disagreeable and may have a hostile attribution bias that may be the result of childhood abuse, neglect, and bullying. Someone treated badly in the past expects to be treated badly in the future. Perhaps as a defense mechanism, antagonistic people are more likely to respond to ambiguous situations with aggression.

(Answer to Q. 5)  Answer: There is overlap in the facets of these two traits, and openness to experience is the trait that is most difficult to quantify. Extraversion is displayed as friendliness, gregariousness, assertiveness, cheerfulness, and excitement seeking. Openness to experience is displayed as imagination, artistic interests, emotionality, adventurousness, intellect, and liberalism.

(Answer to Q. 6)  Answer: Introverts prefer the company of family and friends to large gatherings of people, but they are not hermits who isolate themselves. In contrast, the extravert seeks stimulation and excitement. Extraverts are more sensitive to rewards and prone to experience more positive feelings when they have a chance to earn rewards. Extraversion is linked with better mental health, and extraverts are less likely than introverts to experience mood or anxiety disorders.

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