Describe three factors that sparked the Industrial Revolution in Europe in ...

Answer to #1

Answers should address three of the following:
 Shift from manual labor to mechanical labor and mechanization
 Mass-produced or manufactured products
 Standardized parts and sizes of manufactured products
 Increased use of fossil fuels
 Development of mechanical engines

Answer to #2

B

Answer to #3

Answers should address three of the following?
 Since 1750, the total forested area on the Earth has declined by more than twenty percent.
 Today, there are more trees on farms than in wild forests.
 Since 1750, total cropland has grown by nearly 500 percent.
 Since 1750, people have released the quantities of fossil carbon that the planet took hundreds of millions of years to store away.

Answer to #4

C

Answer to #5

Before:
 People lived together in small bands of extended family members.
 People were nomadic - without villages, homes, or fixed dwellings.
 People moved to take advantage of changing opportunities on the landscape.
 People scouted large areas for food and resources.
 People had relatively limited impact on the natural environment.
After:
People began taking a more active role in planning for their future food needs and participated in:
 domestication and breeding of animals
 cultivation of plants and animals
 dry farming and then irrigation
 development and implementation of new tools  the plow, then the heavy plow

Answer to #6

E

Answer to #7

In the pattern of settler colonization, Europeans sought to create new Europes, or neo-Europes, in lands much like their own: temperate middle-latitude zones with moderate rainfall and rich soils where they could raise wheat and cattle.
In contrast to their preference to settle familiar mid-latitude environments, Europeans viewed the world's tropical lands mainly as sources of raw materials and markets for their manufactured goods. The environment was too different from home to make settlement attractive. In establishing a pattern of mercantile colonialism, Crosby explains, Europeans were less inhabitants than conquering occupiers of the colonies, overseeing indigenous peoples and resettled slaves in the production of primary commodities: sugar in the Caribbean; rubber in Latin America, West Africa, and Southeast Asia; and gold and copper in southern Africa, for example. Colonialism required huge migrations of people to extract the Earth's resources, including 30 million slaves and contracted workers from Africa, India, and China to work mines and plantations around the globe.

Answer to #8

A

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