The leadership theory that considers follower readiness as a factor in determining leadership style ...

Answer to #1

C
Situational leadership considers the readiness of the follower as a factor in determining leadership style. Contingency theory views that pattern of leader behavior as dependent on the interaction of the personality of the leader and the needs of the situation. In path goal theory, the leader works to motivate followers and influence goal accomplishment. Charismatic leadership has an inspirational quality that promotes an emotional connection from followers.

Answer to #2

B
Democratic leadership is participatory and authority is delegated to others. Autocratic leadership involves centralized decision making, with the leader making decisions and using power to command and control others. Laissez-faire leadership is passive and permissive, and the leader defers decision making. Employee-centered leadership focuses on the human needs of subordinates.

Answer to #3

D
Research by Kirkpatrick and Locke (1991) concluded that leaders posses six traits: drive, desire to lead, honesty, self-confidence, cognitive ability, and knowledge of business. Wood identified five dominant factors that influenced leadership development: self-confidence, innate qualities, progression of experience, influence of significant others, and personal life factors. Stodgill identified the following traits of a leader: intelligence, self-confidence, determination, integrity, sociability. Murphy and DeBack (1991) identified four characteristics of leaders: caring, respectability, trustworthiness, and flexibility.

Answer to #4

A
Bennis and Nanus (1985) have stated that guided vision, passion, and integrity are fundamental qualities of effective leaders. Knowledge of self, honesty and maturity; self-confidence and determination; self-awareness and sociability are also desirable characteristics in leaders, but are not part of the group of qualities identified by Bennis and Nanus.

Answer to #5

B
Formal leadership is based upon occupying a particular position in an organization. Informal leadership is shown by an individual who demonstrates leadership behavior outside of a formal leadership role or as a member of a group. Leadership itself is a process of influence whereby the leader influences others toward goal achievement. Management is a process to achieve organizational goals.

Answer to #6

A
The process motivation theories are equity theory and expectancy theory. The content motivation theories include Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, Aldefer's expectancy-relatedness-growth theory, and Herzberg's hygiene maintenance factors and motivation factors.

Answer to #7

D
Motivation is a process that occurs internally to influence and direct our behavior in order to satisfy our needs. Motivation is not explicitly demonstrated by people, but rather interpreted from their behavior. Motivation is whatever influences our choices and creates direction, intensity, and persistence in our behavior.

Marking this solved, moving on to the next...