A researcher interested in resolving the issue of whether emotional states play a causal role in cancer must answer which of the following questions?
a. Is Type A personality a consistent trait?
b. Are people at risk for cancer also at risk for coronary heart disease?
c. Does knowledge that one has cancer cause changes in emotional states, or vice versa?
d. Do we have enough retrospective data to make an unambiguous conclusion?
Question 2Norman Cousins is credited with suggesting that immune functioning is increased by ____.
a. exercise
b. humor
c. self-efficacy
d. perception of control
Question 3Based on current knowledge about cancer, its prevalence, and factors related to its progression, which statement is accurate?
a. Cancer is a specific disease with relatively clear diagnostic criteria.
b. The negative emotions of people who have received a diagnosis of cancer may be the result of the knowledge of their disease rather than their personality traits.
c. Because cancer generally develops quickly over a short period of time, it is possible to determine a temporal relationship between its occurrence and specific moods.
d. Retrospective studies allow researchers to determine whether emotions related to cancer came before or after the diagnosis.
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