Drug use can be quite rewarding, and therefore is maintained by

Drug use can be quite rewarding, and therefore is maintained by
 
  a. classical conditioning.
  b. observational learning.
  c. vicarious learning.
  d. operant conditioning.

Question 2

Steve has Parkinson's disease. Over time, this is likely to produce lower levels of , particularly in the region of the brain known as the .
 
  a. acetylcholine; hippocampus
  b. acetylcholine; substantia nigra
  c. dopamine; hippocampus
  d. dopamine; substantia nigra

Question 3

Elliot works with autistic children and has developed a new app he thinks will improve their ability to track a conversation. He uses the app with the clients he works with at a private school for children with autism. He compare these children's performance in a conversation with peers to the performance of autistic children in the public school who have not used the app. Although Elliot notes that the children who used the app did have better conversational-tracking skills, the fact that they also had access to a higher-quality educational setting than their comparison group threatens the validity of Elliot's conclusions.
 
  a. construct
  b. external
  c. internal
  d. predictive

Question 4

Research on heroin addiction in Vietnam-based soldiers in the 1960s and 1970s generally revealed the importance of as a risk factor for substance-related disorders.
 
  a. cognitive distortions
  b. learning
  c. genetics
  d. neurochemical change