Why are proof of concept studies so important?
a) They advance theory and understanding.
b) They are high in external validity.
c) They answer common questions.
d) They are generalizable.
Question 2A team of researchers found that during the 1940s, there was a high level of patriotism among people in their twenties, but that in the 1960s, people in their twenties had much lower levels of patriotism. This situation is an example of a
a) Cohort effect
b) Novelty effect
c) Test sensitization
d) Reaction to assessment
Question 3The primary problem with using a pretest in an experiment is
a) The pretest may actually encourage participants to be dishonest during the experiment.
b) The pretest may sensitize participants and encourage them to act in a specific manner.
c) The pretest may bias the experimenter to expect a certain experimental outcome.
d) The pretest may lessen the impact of the experimental manipulation and dilute the findings.
Question 4Reactivity may pose a threat to the external validity of an experiment because
a) Participants may act differently since they are aware they are being observed
b) Participants may not want to complete the experimental protocol
c) Participants may be responding to internal scripts that are dictating their behavior
d) Participants may attempt to discover the purpose of the experiment and act accordingly
Question 5Dr. Lujan presents the same vignette that is shown on a website to each of her experiment participants. This situation is an example of which threat to external validity?
a) Narrow stimulus sampling
b) Underrepresented groups
c) Samples of convenience
d) Sample characteristics
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