A substance that has no psychological or physical effect of its own, but appears to have an ...

A substance that has no psychological or physical effect of its own, but appears to have
   an effect because of the beliefs of the people using it is called a(n) ______.
 
  a. initiative substance c. placebo
   b. confounding factor d. neuter

Question 2

A little boy is allowed to play with a laboratory rat and shows no fear of it. Then, a
   scientist makes a scary noise by banging an iron bar whenever the little boy reaches
   for the rat.
 
  Soon, the boy begins crying whenever the rat comes near him. In this study,
   the boy's fear of the rat is the ______.
   a. unconditioned stimulus c. conditioned stimulus
   b. unconditioned response d. conditioned response

Question 3

A little boy is allowed to play with a laboratory rat and shows no fear of it. Then, a
   scientist makes a scary noise by banging an iron bar whenever the little boy reaches for
   the rat.
 
  Soon, the boy begins crying whenever the rat comes near him. In this study, the
   scary noise is the ______.
   a. unconditioned stimulus c. conditioned stimulus
   b. unconditioned response d. conditioned response

Question 4

A scientist rings a bell just prior to presenting meat to the dogs in his laboratory. After
   several pairings, the dogs begin salivating when the bell is rung, even when no meat is
   presented. In this study, the bell is the ______.
 
  a. unconditioned stimulus c. conditioned stimulus
   b. unconditioned response d. conditioned response

Question 5

A scientist rings a bell just prior to presenting meat to the dogs in his laboratory. After
   several pairings, the dogs begin salivating when the bell is rung, even when no meat is
   presented. In this study, the meat is the ______.
 
  a. unconditioned stimulus c. conditioned stimulus
   b. unconditioned response d. conditioned response