If you want to reduce the likelihood that a behavior will recur, which of the following types
of reinforcement will get the desired results?
a. Avoidance and positive reinforcement
b. Extinction and avoidance
c. Positive reinforcement and extinction
d. Punishment and avoidance
e. Extinction and punishment
Question 2Dave Miller tells new employees that so long as they do what they are told, he will pretty
much let them alone. But, if they get out of line, he will not hesitate for one minute to
impose the contractual disciplinary procedure. What kind of reinforcement does Dave's
approach represent?
a. Positive reinforcement
b. Avoidance
c. Extinction
d. Punishment
e. Distortion
Question 3Which kind of reinforcement involves providing a desired outcome in the presence of
desirable behavior?
a. Avoidance
b. Extinction
c. Positive
d. Punishment
e. Delineation
Question 4Which of the following motivational perspectives says that people will repeat those
behaviors that bring desirable consequences and avoid those that fail to bring desirable
consequences or that bring aversive consequences?
a. Equity theory
b. Expectancy theory
c. Two-factor theory
d. Hierarchy of needs theory
e. Reinforcement theory
Question 5Which of the following factors would most likely cause an employee to have a low
effort-to-performance expectancy?
a. The company keeps its pay schedules secret.
b. The employee perceives her or his ability as low.
c. Management increases standards for receiving a bonus when workers start
increasing productivity.
d. It is a well-known fact that an organization pays below industry standards.
e. The employee feels that his supervisor would not know a job well done if he saw
it.
Question 6Which motivational theory suggests that people will rationalize away differences between
rewards they and others receive.
a. Hierarchy of needs
b. Equity
c. Expectancy
d. Reinforcement
e. Two-factor
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