How do the rational basis and the quasi-suspect or heightened scrutiny standards of review differ?
a. The rational basis standard requires an important governmental objective for classification; the quasi-suspect standard requires a compelling governmental interest.
b. The rational basis standard applies only to racial classifications; the quasi-suspect standard applies to age and sexual orientation classifications.
c. The quasi-suspect standard of review is applied to a broader array of classifications than the rational basis standard.
d. It is easier for the government to demonstrate that there is a rational basis for a law than to meet the requirements of the quasi-suspect standard.
Question -2-How are the Fourteenth Amendment and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 similar?
a. They both were enacted quickly and easily.
b. They both passed the strict scrutiny test administered by the Supreme Court.
c. They were both based on Congress's power to regulate interstate commerce.
d. They both sought equal rights for African Americans.
Question -3-Why did Congress pass the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
a. because it was clear that the South had no intention of living up to the spirit of the Fifteenth Amendment
b. because Congress was afraid the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. would lead a boycott of white businesses if the legislation was not passed
c. to prevent the race riots from spreading from African American neighborhoods into traditionally white neighborhoods
d. because the Supreme Court had determined that only the national government could regulate elections
Question -4-What was the primary reason for southern states enacting poll taxes?
a. to raise revenue for the government
b. to ensure that only people who really want to vote would do so
c. to get around the Fifteenth Amendment
d. to enfranchise former slaves
Question -5-How might the Supreme Court decisions in Korematsu v. United States (1944), involving the Japanese internment, and in Boumediene v. Bush (2008), involving the detention of citizens and foreign nationals who were declared to be enemy combatants, be viewed in retrospect?
a. Both decisions might be viewed as upholding important constitutional principles.
b. The first might be viewed as a step toward protecting civil rights of citizens, and the second as a step backward in the struggle for civil rights protection.
c. Both decisions might be viewed as hindering the civil rights of citizens.
d. The first might be viewed as a missed opportunity for the Supreme Court to protect civil rights, and the second as a step toward protecting civil rights.
Question -6-What is true of Supreme Court ruling on affirmative action.
a. Affirmative action policies are generally permissible, but they cannot involve race-based quotas or numerical point systems.
b. Affirmative action policies are assumed to be unconstitutional unless the university can demonstrate the need to promote racial tolerance.
c. Affirmative action policies are assumed to be constitutional unless an applicant can demonstrate that race affected the admissions decision.
d. All forms of affirmative action are unconstitutional because they unfairly favor some people over others based on the color of their skin.
Question -7-How has the Equal Rights Amendment affected women's civil rights?
a. It has ensured that men and women are treated equally in the workplace.
b. It has ensured that the courts evaluate gender discrimination using the strict scrutiny test.
c. It solidified the civil rights women had earlier won through legal victories.
d. It has had little effect because it was not adopted.
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