Which of the following is primarily a question of statistics?

Which of the following is primarily a question of statistics?
 
  a. Are the conclusions justified by the evidence in the study?
  b. Are the relationships to be investigated logically implied by the hypothesis?
  c. Could the difference between groups have been a function of chance?
  d. Is the population involved in the study precisely described?
  e. Is evidence that does not agree with the hypothesis omitted?

Ques. 2

A child spends a great deal of time at the local roller rink and becomes proficient at roller-skating. One winter the child puts on a pair of ice skates, finds a frozen pond, and never having ice-skated before, proceeds to ice-skate with seemingly little effort. This is an example of
 
  a. high-road transfer.
  b. general transfer.
  c. low-road transfer.
  d. positive transfer.

Ques. 3

Which of the following is primarily a question of professional ethics?
 
  a. Are the conclusions justified by the evidence in the study?
  b. Are the relationships to be investigated logically implied by the hypothesis?
  c. Could the difference between groups have been a function of chance?
  d. Is the population involved in the study precisely described?
  e. Is evidence that does not agree with the hypothesis omitted?

Ques. 4

A child learns to ride a bike. Having learned to ride a bike, he finds he is able to ride a scooter with no trouble at all, whereas before he learned to ride a bike, he couldn't ride a scooter. This is an example of
 
  a. high-road transfer.
  b. low-road transfer.
  c. general transfer.
  d. identical elements.