Alex loses his best friend Tyler after he tattles on Tyler at recess. Alex learns that tattling on friends is not a good idea. The loss of Tyler's friendship is an example of:
A) Positive reinforcement.
B) Negative reinforcement.
C) Presentation punishment.
D) Removal punishment.
Ques. 2Sharon knows that Kathy frequently completes her assignments long after their due dates. She has noticed that their teacher willingly accepts Kathy's late assignments because Kathy always has creative excuses for turning them in late. Sharon begins to do the same thingshe turns in assignments past the due date and makes up excuses for why she is late. Sharon's increase in excuse-making is due to:
A) Shaping and intrinsic reinforcement.
B) Modeling and vicarious reinforcement.
C) A mediated learning experience.
D) Distributed cognition.
Ques. 3As a high school music teacher plays a recording of Ferde Grof's symphony Grand Canyon Suite for his class, he asks his students to visualize scenes that Grof tried to capture with music: a sunrise over the Grand Canyon, a burro ride down a winding trail, a thunderstorm, and so on. This lesson could best be described as:
A) Use of vicarious reinforcement.
B) A mediated learning experience.
C) A community of learners.
D) Use of a worldview.
Ques. 4Two boys are fighting on school grounds during recess. Fighting is against school rules, and the boys know this. Even so, a teacher who sees them lets them continue to fight rather than punishing them for doing so. Judging from what psychologists say regarding what happens when expected punishments don't occur, we can predict that these boys will be:
A) Less likely to fight in the future.
B) More likely to fight in the future.
C) Likely to feel guilty when they stop fighting.
D) Likely to imitate more appropriate social behaviors in the future.
Ques. 5Ms. Jefferson promises her students special treats if they turn in their homework assignments the next day. But on the following day Ms. Jefferson forgets to bring the treats she promised. Given what psychologists have learned about what happens when consequences of learners' behaviors are inconsistent with learners' expectations, what has just happened to the students who turned in their homework assignments?
A) They have been negatively reinforced for doing so.
B) They have been punished for doing so.
C) They have been vicariously reinforced for doing so.
D) Their behavior has been extinguished.
Ques. 6John is caught cheating on a homework assignment. He suffers no consequences for doing so, even though cheating is in clear violation of school policy. Given what psychologists have learned about what happens when consequences of learners' behaviors are inconsistent with learners' expectations, which one of the following predictions can we make about John's future behavior?
A) He will cheat less frequently.
B) He will cheat as frequently as he has in the past.
C) He will cheat more frequently.
D) He will complain to his parents.
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