Which is true about Vygotsky's notion of private speech?

Which is true about Vygotsky's notion of private speech?
 
  a. Private speech can result from an internalization of social dialog.
  b. Private speech follows a covert-to-overt developmental cycle.
  c. Private speech is associated with children and adolescents, but not adults.
  d. Private speech decreases when the difficulty of a task increases.

Ques. 2

The mind processes information like a computer, would be a statement most likely to
  be made by a
 
  a. structuralist
  b. cognitive psychologist
  c. phenomenologist
  d. behaviorist

Ques. 3

According to Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory, which of the following is an example
  of two dissonant cognitions?
 
  a. I don't really like the color red. My friend is wearing a red shirt.
  b. I went to Chicago. It rained in Philadelphia.
  c. I have to get a gift for Jen. Her birthday is tomorrow.
  d. Frank lent me 20 . I'm very angry at him.

Ques. 4

Reciprocal teaching closely relates to all of the following except:
 
  a. reinforcement schedules.
  b. cooperative learning.
  c. internalization of higher order thinking.
  d. division of labor of intellectual activity.

Ques. 5

Experts and novices differ in all of the following ways except:
 
  a. which features of a problem they recognize.
  b. how much time they spend planning and solving problems.
  c. which heuristics they use.
  d. how well they remember meaningless patterns.

Ques. 6

Experts will most likely employ a working forward heuristic when solving problems in their
  domain. In which situation might they need to employ a different heuristic?
 
  a. They face severe time constraints to solve a problem.
  b. Their self-efficacy regarding the problem is low.
  c. They are working on a familiar problem.
  d. The problem they face is particularly novel.

Ques. 7

Which of the following is not associated with expertise?
 
  a. a heavy reliance on domain knowledge
  b. analyzing problems according to their surface characteristics
  c. many years of full-time engagement in the field
  d. a significant proportion of time spent on problem representation

Ques. 8

In comparison to experts, novices can be led astray more easily by:
 
  a. relying too heavily on domain knowledge.
  b. analyzing the problem according to important principles of the discipline.
  c. the surface features of problems.
  d. drawing upon similar problems in different domains.