When 3-year-old Eric is shown a candy box and asked what is inside, he will probably answer, Candy. When he is shown that there are actually pencils inside, Eric will probably
not be surprised that there are pencils inside.
predict that other children would expect to find candy inside.
say that he thought there would be candy inside.
say that he thought there would be pencils inside.
Question 2A person's understanding of the thoughts of other people is called
intuitive psychology.
psychological schemata.
theory of mind.
self schemes.
Question 3When a young child asks why? what kind of information are they most likely seeking?
They are asking for a scientific explanation of why and how things happen.
They want to know how the situation or behavior affects them.
They are attempting to increase their vocabulary.
Because they lack logical reasoning, they are looking for an in-depth
explanation.
Question 4Which of the following is true of the study conducted by Kelemen with Mexican American mothers and their children regarding theory-theory?
Older children ask more questions in general than do younger children.
Mothers with more years of education recorded fewer questions as they were asked by their children.
Mothers and children of lower SES asked the most questions overall.
Younger children ask for more clarification of instructions than do older children.
Question 5Humans seek reasons, causes, and underlying principles to explain the world around them. The research term for this is
deductive reasoning.
conservation.
scaffolding.
theory-theory.
Question 6Even though a 4-year-old child has the ability to comprehend numbers, store memories, and recognize routines, which of the following will determine whether or not the child actually demonstrates these abilities?
muscle development
guided participation
family and culture
access to good nutrition
Question 7Preschoolers have a tendency to try to make up a reason why things that they see and hear occur. This tendency is known as
reversibility.
focus on appearances.
theory-theory.
logical reasoning.
Question 8Vygotsky believed that language advances thinking through
scaffolding and private speech.
private speech and social mediation.
the zone of proximal development and scaffolding.
social mediation and reinforcement.
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