When age differences exist among children, older children tend to

When age differences exist among children, older children tend to
 
  a. assert more power in relationships.
  b. express feelings of dependency or embarrassment.
  c. behave very differently than older siblings.
  d. act similarly as when peers share age equality.

Question 2

Which theorist had a greater tendency to look for qualitative shifts in children's cognitive development?
 
  a. Vygotsky
  b. Piaget
  c. Freud
  d. Erikson

Question 3

The child's peers who match his or her age tend to
 
  a. exert superordinate commanding influences on others.
  b. be subordinate and submissive to others.
  c. share equal-status contacts with one another.
  d. develop mean-world beliefs.

Question 4

The nature-nurture theme of the text is particularly important to _____ theory.
 
  a. Vygotsky's
  b. Rogoff's
  c. Piaget's
  d. Freud's

Question 5

Developmentally, the child's peers are
 
  a. social equals whose behavior complexity matches the child's.
  b. anyone with whom the child has frequent daily contact.
  c. anyone who shares similar interests with the child.
  d. teachers, parents, or others who offer Vygotskian scaffolding when assistance is requested or needed.

Question 6

What has made Vygotsky's approach less prone to criticism than Piaget's theory?
 
  a. Vygotsky's theory generated fewer testable hypotheses than Piagetian theory.
  b. It is a much older and more established theory.
  c. Piaget's ideas have been very difficult to test.
  d. Vygotsky's principles cannot be applied to American children.