Research on social class differences in gender typing suggests that
a. it is not influenced by social class.
b. middle-class adolescents are more flexible in their gender-role attitudes than lower-class adolescents.
c. individuals of higher social classes are less flexible about gender roles than those of lower social classes.
d. only low-class individuals have rigid views of gender roles.
Question 2Operant conditioning has been demonstrated in children as young as
a. premature neonates.
b. full-term neonates.
c. six months old.
d. 12 months old.
Question 3Regarding gender stereotyping, EARLY ADOLESCENCE is to LATE ADOLESCENCE as ____ is to ____.
a. RIGIDITY :: FLEXIBILITY
b. ANDROGYNY :: TRADITION
c. INTEGRATION :: SEGREGATION
d. OUT-GROUP :: IN-GROUP
Question 4Can neonates be classically conditioned?
a. No, not under any circumstances
b. Yes, slowly, if the UCS/UR is a biological reflex
c. Yes, if the neonate shows voluntary interest
d. Yes, about as effectively as for an adult
Question 5Adolescent girls who wish to become attractive to their male peers
a. adopt or even exaggerate their tomboy behaviors.
b. accept the traditional female gender role.
c. seek acceptance by becoming psychologically androgynous.
d. imitate the gender-role behaviors of their boyfriends.
Question 6In a study, Lipsitt and Kaye demonstrated classical conditioning in two- to three-day-old infants. The researchers paired
a. a bell to the presentation of food to produce salivation.
b. the scent of the mother with the presentation of milk.
c. a bitter scent whenever the infants cried in order to reduce crying.
d. a neutral tone with the presentation of a nipple that previously elicited sucking.
Question 7Gender-appropriate codes of conduct are more strictly imposed on
a. girls as compared to boys.
b. boys as compared to girls.
c. neither; rules are very strictly imposed on both boys and girls.
d. neither; boys and girls are encouraged to engage in cross-sexed activities.
Question 8Which statement about classical conditioning is FALSE?
a. During learning, a neutral stimulus is paired with a UCS.
b. Rewards or punishments are given after the response.
c. The principles apply to both animals and humans.
d. The CS reliably signals that the US is coming.
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