Identify the FALSE statement about habituation.
a. Habituation shows individual differences among infants.
b. Habituation is strengthened during the first year.
c. Habituation is a category of operant conditioning.
d. Even fetuses become habituated.
Question 2The research of Alan Sroufe and his colleagues on the topic of gender roles and peer acceptance revealed that
a. individuals who engaged in cross-sexed activities were as likely as others to be well-liked by peers.
b. maintaining clear gender boundaries promotes popularity among school-aged children.
c. children who prefer cross-sex friendships are perceived as socially competent.
d. adherence to gender-related codes of conduct was not an important factor in the development of popularity among school-aged children.
Question 3HABITUATION is to DISHABITUATION as ____ is to ____.
a. POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT :: NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT
b. BOREDOM :: ATTENTIVENESS
c. SENSATION :: PERCEPTION
d. THOUGHT :: SPEECH
Question 4Sex differences in play patterns and a preference for same-sex peers
a. is not clearly evident until the late elementary school years.
b. emerges only after children start attending elementary school.
c. is evident in toddlers (18 months to three years of age) and increases throughout the elementary school years.
d. is first evident in the play of preschoolers (about four to five years of age).
Question 5Feeling bored when the surroundings remain stable over time illustrates the type of learning called
a. classical conditioning.
b. negative reinforcement.
c. operant conditioning.
d. habituation.
Question 6Gender segregation begins to decline during ____, when cross-sex friendships become socially acceptable.
a. the preschool years
b. the grade-school years
c. adolescence
d. young adulthood (age 20+)
Question 7The type of learning characterized by a cessation, rather than an increase, in response is
a. habituation.
b. classical conditioning.
c. negative reinforcement.
d. observational learning.
Question 8Gender segregation in play is reliably noticed by the early age of about
a. two to 12 months.
b. two to three years.
c. four to five years.
d. six to seven years.
Question 9Baby Baa-Baa likes to ride in a car seat with her foot touching a vibrating window crank handle. When something happens that interrupts the vibration, she becomes suddenly alert. Baa-Baa's reaction illustrates
a. how learning can become forgotten.
b. perceptual differentiation.
c. phonological awareness.
d. dishabituation.
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