To test the hypothesis, Anxiety hurts performance, anxiety would be the ____ variable and ...

To test the hypothesis, Anxiety hurts performance, anxiety would be the ____ variable and performance would be the ____ variable.
 
  a. dependent; independent
  b. independent; dependent
  c. confounding; depending
  d. independent; confounding

Question 2

To investigate the effects of alcohol on driving, an experimenter gave people different amounts of alcohol and then placed them in a driving simulator with instructions to press the brake whenever they saw a red light. In this study, the independent variable was ____ and the dependent variable was ____.
 
  a. whether they saw the red light; time taken to press brake
  b. amount of alcohol; whether they saw the red light
  c. whether they saw the red light; amount of alcohol
  d. amount of alcohol; time taken to press brake

Question 3

A difference between the performance of an experimental and a control group may be caused by:
 
  a. the independent variable.
  b. the dependent variable.
  c. a confounding variable.
  d. either the independent or a confounding variable.