At a lunch meeting with a client, the CEO of Gossip Polls, Inc, was asked to determine America's favorite day of the week. Hundreds of Gossip employees across the U.S. started collecting data immediately, calling people at their residences. One hour later, the attitudes from 10,000 Americans, across all 50 states, were collected. A staff member called the CEO, still at her lunch meeting, to tell her the results of the poll: America's favorite day of the week is Monday. Given your text's discussion of inductive reasoning in science, we might suspect that the observations in this poll are not representative because
a. the participants were only asked one question for this poll.
b. the participants were not sufficiently geographically diverse.
c. the people who are home to answer the phone in the early afternoon are not an appropriate cross-section of the U.S. population.
d. everyone in America was not asked their opinion.
Question 2Consider the following argument: Observation: Here in Nashville, the sun has risen every morning. Conclusion: The sun is going to rise in Nashville tomorrow.
a. The argument is weak because there is only one specific case.
b. The argument is strong because the premise includes scientific evidence.
c. The argument is weak because the observation does not consider other cities.
d. The argument is strong because there are a large number of observations.
Question 3Making probable conclusions based on evidence involves reasoning.
a. deductive
b. syllogistic
c. inductive
d. connective
Question 4Your textbook suggests that a trait that appears to be common to both mental illness and creativity is .
a. low pressure tolerance
b. high levels of neuroticism
c. low capacity for divergent thinking
d. latent inhibition
Question 5Finke's creating an object studies show that people were more likely to come up with creative uses for preinventive objects if they
a. made the objects themselves.
b. had received training in creative thinking.
c. had been preselected as creative individuals.
d. were told they were expected to be creative.
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