A reasoning heuristic in which we judge the likelihood of some event by deciding how much that event seems to be like the larger group or population from which it was drawn is a(n) __________.
a. association heuristic
b. availability heuristic
c. normative heuristic
d. representativeness heuristic
Question 2In the __________, knowledge from a variety of sources is factored into a decision (e.g., Chicago judged north of Rome based on Northern North America vs. Southern Europe).
a. symbolic distance effect
b. semantic imagery effect
c. semantic congruity effect
d. plausible reasoning hypothesis
Question 3An algorithm is __________.
a. a specific rule or solution procedure that is certain to yield the correct answer if followed correctly
b. an informal rule of thumb method for solving problems, not necessarily guaranteed to solve the problem correctly, but usually much faster or more tractable than other alternatives
c. the act of someone who reasons; to think logically; to analyze with reason
d. the mental representation of meaning in a reasoning problem
Question 4Consider the following problem and then choose which of the statements below is NOT true. If each of 10 people at a meeting shakes hands (once) with every other person, how many handshakes are exchanged?
a. The descriptive model might be Ten people shaking hands with nine folks each a couple fewer because you want to avoid repetitions . . . say something like maybe sixty to seventy?
b. The normative method will yield the correct answer: in this case, N x ((N-1)/2).
c. A heuristic approach is not necessarily systematic or orderly, instead relying on educated guessing.
d. The algorithmic approach will differ substantially from the normative model of what is right; that is, it is particularly prone to distortions, inaccuracies, and omissions.
Question 5A heuristic is to __________ as an algorithm is to __________.
a. correct; incorrect
b. incorrect; correct
c. likelihood; certainty
d. certainty; likelihood
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