The number of hours that people work at their jobs each week is one measure of the extent to which ...

Answer to q. 1

b

Answer to q. 2

d

Answer to q. 3

The current emphasis on romantic love is fairly recent. It emerged out of changes that

took place in the period of industrialization at the end of the nineteenth century. In the

late nineteenth century, during the Industrial Revolution, the public sphere of work

(men's sphere) emphasized self-reliance and independence. By contrast, the private

sphere of the home (women's sphere) emphasized the giving of services, the exchange

of gifts, and love. The changing nature of the domestic sphere led to changes in the

nature of marriage and contributed to the expansion of the concept of romantic love.

Answer to q. 4

c

Answer to q. 5

c

Answer to q. 6

The postmodern family has been described as permeablea more fluid and pliable

form of the nuclear family that is characterized by larger variations in family structures.

These variations are generated by divorce, remarriage, cohabitation, single-parent

family structures, and families in which one or more grandchildren live with their

grandparents. In the postmodern family, traditional gender roles are much more

flexible. Younger people are much less constrained by the hierarchy and power

relations of more traditional families, sometimes to the displeasure of parents and other

adult caregivers. In the postmodern era, the nuclear family is now only one of many

family forms. Similarly, the idea of romantic love has given way to the idea of

consensual love: Some individuals agree to have sexual relations with others whom

they have no intention of marrying or, if they marry, do not necessarily see the marriage

as having permanence. Maternal love has also been transformed into shared parenting,

which includes not only mothers and fathers but also caregivers who may either be

relatives or nonrelatives.