_____ theories consider the source of deviance to be conditions of the individual's mind or personality.
a. Sociological
b. Psychological
c. Biological
d. Physiological
Question 2Caesare Lombroso's biological theory that criminals _____ has been substantially discredited.
a. can be identified by distinctive bumps on their skulls
b. represent a throwback to an earlier stage of human development
c. have larger brains and therefore larger skills
d. are generally males with XYY syndrome
Question 3One classical biological explanation of deviance called _____ focused on the determination of character by facial features.
a. physiognomy
b. phrenology
c. somatolog
d. sociology
Question 4According to a 2010 taxpayer attitude survey, _____ of people believe that it is acceptable to cheat on income taxes.
a. 72
b. 37
c. 12
d. 1
Question 5According to Durkheim, the true function of punishment is to
a. prevent future crimes.
b. reassert the importance of the rule being violated.
c. satisfy the need for revenge.
d. make an example of the criminal.
Question 6The chapter notes that Web sites are increasingly naming names, or at least posting descriptions, pictures, and license plate numbers, of people supposedly caught in the act of violating social norms. These types of Web sites are also known as
a. shame sites.
b. Internet norms.
c. deviance sites.
d. the public temper.
Question 7Which of the following scenarios from the chapter illustrates the point that violators of important social norms are often stigmatized?
a. The major religious bodies in the United States have taken a strong position against homosexuality and their opposition has influenced the laws and community norms.
b. If most people believe that Iraqis are the enemy, then bombing their villages is appropriate and refusing to do so is deviant.
c. Murder is a deviant act, but the killing of an enemy during wartime is rewarded with praise and medals.
d. Because states make sex offender registries public, anyone can look online and find names, addresses, and pictures of the sex offenders in his or her state or neighborhood.
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