What is the first process in protein synthesis that is affected by a missense mutation?
Select one:
a. None of the above
b. Translation
c. Replication
d. Transcription
Question 15
Question text
What is the first process in protein synthesis that is affected by a silent mutation?
Select one:
a. Replication
b. None of the above
c. Transcription
d. Translation
Question 16
Question text
Which of the following rows identify the type of mutation and the process in protein synthesis that is most affected by an insertion of a nucleotide in a gene that codes for a ribosome?
Select one:
a.
Mutation Process
Substitution Translation
b.
Mutation Process
Substitution Transcription
c.
Mutation Process
Frameshift Transcription
d.
Mutation Process
Frameshift Translation
Question 17
Question text
Identify the following sources of induced mutations, all of which increase the rate of mutation in human body cells.
Physical mutagens or Chemical mutagens
Radiation exposures from airport security and during high altitude air travel. Answer
Ingredients such as toluene and dibutyl phthalate in nail polish. Answer
Exposure to BPA by heating up food wrapped in plastic wraps in microwaves. Answer
Obtaining a base tan at a tanning salon prior to a beach vacation. Answer
Question 18
Use the following information to answer the next question.
Tay Sachs is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that causes mental and physical disabilities leading to death in infants. Affected individuals are lacking the enzyme hexosaminidase, causing lipids to build up in the brain.
The HEXA gene on chromosome 15 codes for hexosaminidase, and a four base pair insertion in the gene results in an altered reading frame and non-functional enzyme being produced. Individuals who are carriers (heterozygotes) of the Tay-Sachs allele are not affected by the disease but appear to have increased protection against tuberculosis.
The incidence of Tay-Sachs disease is much higher among Ashkenazi Jews originating from Eastern Europe than the general population of the United States. About 1 in 3 500 babies of Ashkenazi Jewish heritage are born with Tay-Sachs disease and about 1 in 30 Ashkenazi Jews are carriers compared to about 1 in 320 000 babies born with the disease and about 1 in 300 carriers in the general United States population. Ashkenazi Jews living in Europe at the turn of the century often lived in urban areas with a high incidence of tuberculosis.
A possible explanation for the increased incidence of Tay-Sachs disease among Ashkenazi Jews is
Select one:
a. infection with tuberculosis provided a selective disadvantage to individuals who were heterozygous for the Tay-Sachs allele
b. Ashkenazi Jews are genetically predisposed to carry the Tay-Sachs allele
c. overcrowding predisposed Ashkenazi Jews to an increased chance of Tay-Sachs disease
d. the prevalence of tuberculosis in Eastern Europe provided a selective advantage to individuals who were heterozygous for the Tay-Sachs allele
A small section of a gene for a protein has the following nucleotide sequence:
CTG GGA TCC TAA GGT
Which of the following mutations would cause a nonsense mutation in the sequence shown above?
Select one:
a. Insertion of guanine base after the first adenine base
b. Replacement of second adenine base with a cytosine base
c. Insertion of guanine base after the first thymine base
d. Replacement of second cytosine base with a adenine base
Question 20
Question text
A small section of a gene for a protein has the following nucleotide sequence:
GGC TCG GTA ACA TAC
Which of the following mutations would cause a silent mutation in the sequence shown above?
Select one:
a. Replacement of second adenine base with thymine base
b. Replacement of second guanine base with cytosine base
c. Replacement of first thymine base with adenine base
d. Replacement of first cytosine base with guanine base
Question 21
Question text
A small section of a gene for a protein has the following nucleotide sequence:
CCT AAG GAT TCA CTT
Which of the following mutations would cause a missense mutation in the sequence shown above?
Select one:
a. Replacement of second guanine base with adenine base
b. Replacement of first thymine base with cytosine base
c. Replacement of second thymine base with adenine base
d. Replacement of first guanine base with cytosine base
Question 22
Question text
A small section of bacterial DNA template (anti-sense) strand has the following nucleotide sequence:
CGA AAA GAG AAT
A mutation in the above sequence involved a substitution of a single base, resulting in an incomplete protein.
Which of the following gene sequences exemplifies the mutation described above?
Select one:
a. CGA AAA GAG ACT
b. UGA AAA GAG AAT
c. CGA UAA GAG AAT
d. CGA AAA AAG AAT
Question 23
Question text
A small section of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein has the amino acid sequence valine, histidine, cysteine, and lysine.
A mutation in the gene sequence that codes for the above amino acid sequence resulted in the substitution of amino acid cysteine with amino acid tyrosine.
The mutation in the antisense strand DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene described above involves
Select one:
a. the substitution of cytosine base from ACA
b. the deletion of second uracil base from UGU
c. the deletion of second adenine base from ACA
d. the substitution of guanine base from UGU
Question 24
Question text
Several genes code for enzymes that are responsible for histidine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Part of the amino acid sequence for one of these enzymes is:
AUG CCU UGG GCC CAA AAA UGC
A series of mutants that have lost activity for this enzyme are recovered. The mutant products are analyzed and found to have the following amino acid sequences:
Mutant 1: Met-Pro-Trp-Pro-Glu-Lys-Cys
Mutant 2: Met-Pro
Mutant 3: Met-Pro-Cys-Gly-Pro-Lys-Met
Mutant 4: Met-Pro-Trp-Pro-Lys-Asp
Choose the correct type of mutation that occurred in the DNA to produce each mutant type.
Nonsense Answer
Point Answer
Addition Answer
Deletion Answer
Question 25
Question text
Which characteristics of mitochondrial DNA and chloroplast DNA sheds light into the evolutionary relationships between species?
Select one:
a. mtDNA is found in all cells, whereas cpDNA is found in plant cells.
b. cpDNA and mtDNA are much larger and contain more information than nuclear DNA.
c. cpDNA is a combination of the two parents’ nuclear DNA.
d. mtDNA and cpDNA have low rate of mutation.
Question 26
Question text
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is genetically identical to
Select one:
a. Other siblings of the same father
b. Other siblings of the same mother
c. Mother’s and father’s mtDNA
d. DNA found in the nucleus of the cell
e. Mitochondria found in other species
Question 27
Question text
By comparing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of living people and/or of skeletons of non-living people, researchers can analyze samples to determine their ancestry.
Which of the following statement correctly describes the inheritance pattern of mtDNA?
Select one:
a. An egg contains mitochondria and a sperm cell does not contain any mitochondria.
b. An egg is much larger than a sperm and therefore contains more mitochondria, passing its mtDNA to the offspring.
c. An egg contributes half of the DNA and all of its organelles in the cytoplasm to the zygote.
d. mtDNA is transcribed from cpDNA outside of the nucleus.
Question 28
Which of the following was not one of the first uses of modern biotechnology?
Select one:
a. The insertion of a bacterial insulin gene into human cells.
b. The insertion of a human insulin gene into bacteria.
c. The cloning of a mammal.
d. The insertion of an antifreeze gene into a fish.
Question 29
Question text
What is a recombinant DNA?
Select one:
a. During meiosis, sister chromatids cross over to produce daughter cells with recombinant DNA.
b. Any genome that is non-parental is called a recombinant DNA.
c. New DNA sequences are inserted into a genome to produce recombinant DNA.
d. Bacterial plasmid with sticky ends are referred to as the recombinant DNA.
Question 30
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Some Steps Involved in Creating Recombinant DNA
1. Plasmid DNA is cut at the restriction site.
2. Foreign DNA is cut at the restriction site.
3. Plasmid DNA is opened and sticky ends are formed.
4. Foreign DNA restriction fragments are isolated
5. Target sequence in the plasmid is recognized by the restriction endonuclease.
6. Target sequences in the foreign DNA are recognized by the restriction endonuclease.
7. Foreign DNA restriction fragment is inserted into the plasmid at the restriction site.
8. DNA ligase splices the foreign restriction fragment and the plasmid together.
Identify the correct sequence of steps involved in cutting and reassembling DNA molecules to make recombinant DNA.
Select one:
a. 5, 1, 3, 6, 2, 4, 7, 8
b. 6, 2, 4, 5, 1, 3, 8, 7
c. 5, 1, 3, 6, 2, 4, 8, 7
d. 6, 2, 4, 7, 8, 5, 1, 3
Question 31
Question text
What are the sticky ends of the restriction fragments?
Select one:
a. The surfaces of sticky ends have glue like substance that allow fragments to splice.
b. The surfaces of sticky ends contain the exact same nucleotides, allowing fragments to bond.
c. The surfaces of sticky ends contain matching base pairs, allowing fragments to splice.
d. The surfaces of sticky ends have velcro like structure, allowing fragments to bond.
Question 32
Question text
What is a restriction endonuclease?
Select one:
a. It restricts the movement of the DNA outside the nucleus.
b. It is an enzyme that separates the DNA double helix.
c. It is an enzyme that cleaves at a specific nucleotide sequence.
d. It proofreads the DNA for accidental damages and corrects any errors.
Question 33
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The same restriction endonuclease must be used to excise the foreign DNA and bacterial DNA.
Select one:
True
False
Question 34
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Why?
Select one:
a. It must use different restriction endonucleases because the bacterial and foreign DNA sequences are exactly the same.
b. It must use same restriction endonuclease so that the restriction sites are identical in both foreign and bacterial DNA.
c. It must use same restriction endonuclease so that the restriction sites are different in both foreign and bacterial DNA.
d. It must use different restriction endonucleases because the bacterial and foreign DNA sequences are different.
Question 35
Question text
When sticky ends of restriction fragments are paired, they can be joined by
Select one:
a. DNA ligase
b. DNA polymerase
c. RNA polymerase
d. restriction enzymes
Question 36
Question text
The fused cell is cultured and is implanted as a multi-celled embryo. During the step where the fused cell begins dividing normally, the cells of the future clone undergo
Select one:
a. fertilization
b. meiosis
c. gene splicing
d. mitosis
Question 37
Genetically identical organisms derived from a single genetic source are
Select one:
a. plasmids
b. transgenic organisms
c. clones
d. GMOs
Question 40
The type of cell division that the clone uses to grow and the type of cell division that usually produces a diploid zygote respectively are
Select one:
a.
Cell Division for growth Cell division for sexual reproduction
Meiosis Cytokinesis
b.
Cell Division for growth Cell division for sexual reproduction
Meiosis Mitosis
c.
Cell Division for growth Cell division for sexual reproduction
Mitosis Cytokinesis
d.
Cell Division for growth Cell division for sexual reproduction
Mitosis Meiosis
Question 41
Question text
DNA fingerprinting uses a process called gel electrophoresis to separate the fragments of DNA. Once the DNA fragments are sorted, the pattern of bands can be analyzed.
Gel Electrophoresis Procedure
1.The smaller DNA fragments start to move away from the wells and the larger DNA fragments remain closer to the wells.
2.An electric current is passed through the gel.
3.DNA fragments are treated with a dye.
4.A restriction endonuclease is added to the DNA.
5.Using micropipettes, the DNA samples are added to the wells.
6.DNA fingerprint is produced.
7.DNA fragments are produced.
The order in which a DNA fingerprint is produced using gel electrophoresis is; Answer.........
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