Can someone help me with this lab?!?! I'm deploying tomorrow and i need to get this done today! :/
ACTIVITY 1: Measuring Respiratory Volumes and Calculating Capacities
1. Which of the following processes does not occur during inspiration?
a. The diaphragm moves to a flattened position.
b. Gas pressure inside the lungs is lowered.
c. Inspiratory muscles relax.
d. The size of the thoracic cavity increases.
2. During normal quiet breathing, about ______ ml of air moves into and out of the lungs with each breath.
a. 300
b. 500
c. 1000
d. 1500
3. True or False: At the beginning of expiration, the air pressure of the atmosphere decreases so that air can flow from the lungs outward.
4. The changing of the airway radius in this lab simulation represents changing the size of the
a. Nose and mouth
b. Pharynx
c. Trachea
d. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, other bronchi and bronchioles
5. When the airway radius was decreased to 4.00 mm, the airflow changed to _______ L/minute and the FEV1 changed to ________ ml.
6. If the TV of a person’s lungs is 600ml, the ERV is 1200ml, the RV is 1200ml, and the IRV is 3000 ml, the total lung capacity (TLC) is _______ ml.
7. What would be an example of an everyday respiratory event the ERV simulates?
8. What additional skeletal muscles are utilized in an ERV activity?
9. What was the FEV1 (in %) at the original radius of 5.00 mm?
10. What happened to the FEV1 (in %) as the radius of the airways decreased?
11. Explain why the results from the experiment suggest that there is an obstructive, rather than a restrictive, lung problem?
ACTIVITY 2: Comparative Spirometry
12. Which of these volumes or capacities of the lungs changed the most in the patient with emphysema?
a. TV
b. IRV
c. FVC
d. FEV1
13. In the patient having an acute asthma attack, the FEV1 (%) decreased to _____ %.
14. Which of these volumes or capacities changed the most in the person doing the heavy aerobic exercise?
a. TV
b. ERV
c. FVC
d. TLC
15. What happened to the RV for both the emphysema patient and the asthma patient (before inhaled medication)?
a. It decreased for both patients.
b. It increased for the emphysema patient and decreased for the asthma patient.
c. It remained unchanged for both patients.
d. It increased for both patients.
16. What lung values changed (from those of the normal patient) in the spirogram when the patient with emphysema was selected?
Why did these values change as they did?
17. Which of these two values changed more for the patient with emphysema, the FVC or the FEV1?
18. What lung values changed (from those of the normal patient) in the spirogram when the patient experiencing an acute asthma attack was selected?
Why did these values change as they did?
19. How is having an acute asthma attack similar to having emphysema? How is it different?
20. Describe the effect that the inhaler medication had on the asthmatic patient.
Did all the spirogram values return to “normal”?
Why do you think some values did not return all the way to normal?
21. How much of an increase in FEV1 do you think is required for it to be considered significantly improved by the medication?
22. With moderate aerobic exercise, which changed more from normal breathing, the ERV or the IRV?
23. Compare the breathing rates during normal breathing, moderate exercise, and heavy exercise.
ACTIVITY 3: Effect of Surfactant and Intrapleural Pressure on Respiration
24. True or False: Surfactant is often added to the lungs of a very premature infant in a hospital in order for her/him to be able to breathe better.
25. If a person suffers a severe chest injury such as a gunshot or explosion or auto accident, the pressure in the intrapleural cavity becomes the same as the atmospheric pressure. The patient then is said to have developed a _____________.
26. In this lab simulation, when the valve on the left side of the glass bell jar was opened, the total airflow decreased to about ________ ml/minute.
27. If a chest tube is placed into the pleural cavity of the patient in question 2 and the opposite end is placed to suction or to an “underwater” seal, we are trying to
a. remove any blood that might be present in the thoracic cavity.
b. re-expand the lung.
c. decrease the pressure in the intrapleural cavity.
d. accomplish all of the above.
28. What effect does the addition of surfactant have on the airflow?
29. Why does surfactant affect airflow in this manner?
30. What effect did opening the valve have on the left lung?
31. What effect on the collapsed lung in the left side of the glass bell jar did you observe when you closed the valve?
32. What is the name of the emergency medical condition that opening the left valve simulates?
33. When you clicked the “Reset” button, the air was drawn out of the intrapleural space and the lung returned to its normal condition. What emergency procedure would be used to achieve this result if these were the lungs in a living person?
34. What do you think would happen when the valve is opened if the two lungs were in a single large cavity rather than separate cavities?
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