(Solved) Your patient is a 72-year-old male with a history of emphysema. He is alert and oriented but in seve

Your patient is a 72-year-old male with a history of emphysema. He is alert and oriented but in severe respiratory distress, able to answer only "yes" or "no" to your questions. He has had progressively more trouble breathing all day and has gotten no relief from his various metered dose inhalers. Physical examination reveals pale, cool, diaphoretic skin; pursed lip breathing; and accessory muscle use. Auscultation of his lungs reveals very little air movement with diffuse expiratory wheezing. HR = 142, BP = 146/100, RR = 30, SpO2 = 86%. As your partner is taking the patient's vital signs, you note that his head is starting to "bob." In addition to an IV of normal saline, nebulized albuterol and Atrovent, which of the following is the best course of prehospital management?
A) Endotracheal intubation, ventilation with 100% oxygen
B) Venturi mask with 24-35% oxygen, epinephrine 1:1000 , IV corticosteroids
C) Venturi mask with 24-35% oxygen, IV corticosteroids
D) Endotracheal intubation, ventilation with 100% oxygen, IV corticosteroids

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Your patient is a 72-year-old male with a history of emphysema. He is alert and oriented but in seve

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